C. G.
Richardson Place – A Denver Pioneer’s Legacy and Mystery
John K.
Nelson
January 7,
2011
When
does historic research of a neighborhood legacy become a family
mystery? The legacy occurs with an awareness of an 1869 Denver
pioneer who is referenced in an 1880 edition of Denver history.1
Mr. Cyrus Greenwood Richardson, a native of Maine,
left a legacy relevant to not only the Country Club Historic
Neighborhood District of Park Lane Square but also one that involves
numerous historic maps of Denver,2-8 a namesake for
Greenwood Village,9 two local nature preserves and a high
country reservoir. The family mystery stems from the lack of any
photograph, painting or image of any type depicting Mr. Richardson
and his relatives.
The
exclusive enclave of Park Lane Square, known as the present day
Country Club Historic Neighborhood, started as an 1888 working class
neighbor. Hidden in Park Lane Square is C. G. Richardson Place, a
one-block section of “Foursquare” homes located south of 6th
Avenue on the west side of Race Street.6 This is all that
remains of a 40-acre subdivision named after our mystery pioneer who
was a lawyer, rancher, educator and real estate developer. Cyrus
Greenwood Richardson and his wife Julia Francis Tibbals were
responsible for the initial development of Park Lane Square. Cyrus
purchased this land in 1881 as farmland with water supplied by the
City Ditch, an 1860’s irrigation ditch connecting the South Platte
to present day Washington Park and Capitol Hill.10 The
ditch was abandoned and now lies beneath Park Lane’s Westwood Drive.
Cyrus and Sarah Tibbals, his sister-in-law, also owned ten acres of
land on which the Denver Country Club is presently located (SW
section adjacent to University Ave.)4
Richardson’s city farm was subdivided in 1888. Julia inherited the
land upon Cyrus’s death in 1894 and later sold the entire
subdivision in 1922 to Dean Realty and Investment Company. By 1926,
few lots had been sold with the exception of 10 acres, the Race
Street section south of 6th Avenue. The remaining area
was vacated and converted into a 30-acre neighborhood of circular
lanes adjoining spacious lots including a “castle” surrounded by
exquisite homes. Saco DeBoer, Denver’s official landscape architect
and civic planner, designed this neighborhood to have a country
ambiance. The dramatic conversion of Richardson’s wheat field to an
elegant residential enclave is thoroughly discussed in Alice Millett
Bakemeier’s County Club Heritage – A History and Guide to a
Denver Neighborhood 11;however, limited discussion is
given to Richardson’s identity.
Cyrus’s
middle name is synonymous with Greenwood Village where he owned the
3,200-acre Greenwood Ranch. He hired a manager for the ranch and
constructed eight reservoirs along the High Line Canal.9
Today the eight reservoirs are the centerpiece of the Greenwood
Village Marjorie Perry Nature Preserve.12
He also
owned the Richardson Ranch, 6,000 acres of land north of the old
Fitzsimons hospital with four reservoirs drawing water from the
Highline Canal and Sand Creek. The Sand Creek lateral, an extension
of the High Line Canal fed an 1889 reservoir named Richardson
Reservoir #4. An 1899 Willits Farm Map7 authenticates the
ranch and reservoir on property owned by the Cyrus G. Richardson
Estate. A circa 1910 map8 shows
the Julia F. Richardson Farm with four reservoirs fed by the flows
from the High Line Canal, West Toll Gate Creek and Coal Creek. The
Denver Motor (Sable) Speedway was located on the ranch property
where a George Van Arsdale flew a biplane around the 3.3-mile course
at 60 miles per hour in a snowstorm on January 4, 1911 possibly
inaugurating this land for future use as Stapleton airport.13
An early 1900’s ranch photo is all that remains of the Richardson
buildings.14 The reservoir and surrounding 123-acres of
land are now preserved as the Bluff Lake Nature Center with Bluff
Lake (Richardson Reservoir #4) located adjacent to Sand Creek on the
Stapleton residential development.
Unhappy
with the lack of water supplied by the High Line Canal, Richardson
formed the High Line Reservoir Company and procured land for the
Antero and Lost Park reservoirs on the South Platte River, that are
located about six miles north of the town of Hartsel. As president
of the company, he proposed to sell water from his planned
reservoirs and organize a new irrigation district by selling shares
for $10 each. Construction of the reservoir began in 1882 and ended
abruptly when Richardson died in 1894. Richardson described the
proposed dam as 4,000 feet long, 40 feet high and costing $140,000.
The average depth of water in the reservoirs when full was to be 15
feet and it would have a surface area of 4,000 acres. Upon
completion of the reservoirs by Charles Boettcher, Antero Reservoir
had an average depth of 5 feet and Lost Park would not hold water.15
Cyrus
Richardson was born in Phillips, Maine, December 31, 1841. At age
fifteen he became a country schoolteacher, until he accumulated
enough money to enter the all male Waterville College in Maine
graduating with highest honors in 1864.1 The College was
renamed Colby College during the Civil War and in 1871 became
coeducational.16
Selecting the law as his profession, he studied at Augusta, Maine
and in the fall of 1865 entered the Law Department at Albany, New
York graduating the following spring. He began practicing his
profession in St. Louis, Missouri in 1886 where he was a member of
the bar.1 He married Miss Julia Frances Tibbals a New
York native in 1867. They were married in St. Louis and subsequently
had three daughters and a boy who all passed away at a young age.
The three daughters died within one week of diphtheria.17
Cyrus
was an invalid18 who sought a more favorable climate for
health reasons at age 28 when he traveled to the Colorado Territory
in 1869 eventually opening a law office in Denver in 1872.1
His first law office was on the bustling and notorious red light
district of Holliday Street, present day Market Street.19
With accrual of land and fortune he purchased an office building and
moved his business to the NW corner of 15th and Lawrence.
He also bought a home at 2430 California Street. From his office he
ran his two ranches, a reservoir company and a law business in
partnership with his nephew Albert Hawes Packard.20
Packard was also a native of Maine and came to Denver in 1887.21
He was a graduate of Harvard University School of Law and
specialized in tax title property and in his later years ran a real
estate office in Denver.22 He died in 1934 and at age 69
he was a bachelor with no relatives in Colorado.21
Cyrus
was a loyal Republican and was entitled to a seat on the 1874
territorial Republican convention.17 He was also
appointed Deputy County Superintendent of Schools for Arapahoe
(Denver) County in 1877.1
Following Cyrus’s death at age 53 in 1894, his wife managed the
Richardson Ranch property with assistance from Albert H. Packard and
Albert’s cousin Llewellyn (Louis) G. Hawes. Julia made a specialty
of raising horses, mules and cattle and in 1918 she had over 1,000
acres planted to wheat and also raised a large amount of alfalfa.
The greater part of her land was “under ditch, a most excellent
irrigation system keeping it in fine condition.” 17 She
died at her ranch in 1924 at the age of 91. In all she owned about
6,000 acres.23 She is buried alongside Cyrus, her
children, her sister Sarah Tibbals and Albert H. Packard in Denver’s
historic Riverside cemetery.24
As
Denver residents we can take gratification from the unanticipated
outcome of this historic tale. An 1869 pioneer who came to Colorado
Territory seeking improved health while avoiding the lure of gold
and silver and surviving the Great Depression of 1893 with his
fortune invested in real estate. This land heritage today consists
of the natural lands on Marjorie Perry Nature Preserve, Bluff Lake
Nature Center and Antero Reservoir including a historic neighborhood
district named in honor of C. G. Richardson. Cyrus’s family and land
legacy are no longer a mystery; however, his family portrait remains
an enigma.
Footnotes:
1.
History
of the City of Denver, Arapahoe County and Colorado.
W.B. Vickers. O.B. Baskin & Co. Historical Publishers, 1880. p. 560
2.
Thayer’s
Map of Denver, Colorado.
H.L. Thayer & Frank P. Swindler. 1874
3.
Guide Map
to City of Denver, Colorado.
W.H. Lawrence & Co. 1882
4.
The City
of Denver. H.L.
Thayer. 1884
5.
Rollandet’s Map of the City of Denver, Arapahoe County, State of
Colorado – Pocket Ed.
Edward Rollandet. 1885
6.
C. G.
Richardson Place (1888),
Denver Maps, City and County of Denver Geographic Information
Systems, Denver Subdivisions, Quarter: NE Section: 11 Township: 4S
Range: 68W.
7.
Willits
Farm Map.
Denver, W. C. Willits, 1899.
8.
Circa
1910 Block Map of Aurora, Colo.
(origin unknown). Aurora Historical Museum
9.
Greenwood VillageOfficial Website – The Village History
Expanded.
10.
The Story
of Denver’s Famous Old City Ditch.
Denver Municipal Facts: Volume 1 Number 17. June 12, 1909. p. 9.
11.
Country
Club Heritage – A History and Guide to a Denver Neighborhood.
Country Club Historic Neighborhood.
Bakemeier, Alice Millett. 2000. pp. 24 & 184
12.
Marjorie
Perry Nature Preserve Management Plan,
City of Greenwood Village; Parks, Trail and Recreation Department,
2009. p. 12
13.
Denver
Made Aeroplane Flies Mile a Minute in a Gale.
George Van Arsdale on the AeroFiles Site,
http://earlyaviators.com/evanarda.htm
14.
Richardson
Ranch Photo. Colorado Historical Museum, Stephen H. Hart Library.
circa 1900
15.
The
English Ditch –
Network Scan Data.
Greenwood Village Official Website.
16.
Colby
College 2008 website.
http://www.colby.edu/about_cs/history.cfm
17.
History
of Colorado, Volume V.
Wilbur Fiske Stone. The S. J. Clarke Publishing Co. 1919. p. 348
18.
Cyrus G.
Richardson Obituary.
Field & Farm #440. June 9, 1984. P. 5
19.
2nd
Annual Denver City Directory. Corbett, Hoye & Co 1874 p. 187
20.
16th
Annual Denver City Directory. Corbett & Ballinger 1888 p. 207
21.
A. H.
Packard Obituary.
Rocky Mountain News. December 14, 1934. p.8, c. 1
22.
Early Aurora. Carl Vincent McFadden. Aurora
Technical Center. 1978, pp. 85 and 93.
23.
Scrapbook
(manuscript).
Bromwell, Henrietta E. 1893-1930. p. 59.
24.
Riverside
Cemetery Records - Block 1, Lot 23.
January 14, 2008.